How to Repair an AC That Isn’t Cooling Properly

When your air conditioner (AC) isn’t cooling as effectively as it should, it can be frustrating, especially during hot weather. Several factors could be affecting your AC's cooling capacity, but with some basic troubleshooting, you might be able to resolve the issue on your own before calling a technician. 

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The first thing to check is the thermostat settings. Ensure that it is set to cooling mode and the temperature is set lower than the current room temperature. If the thermostat is set correctly but the AC still isn’t cooling properly, try resetting the thermostat or replacing the batteries. Sometimes, a simple calibration issue or dead battery can cause the system to malfunction.

Next, inspect the air filters. Dirty or clogged filters are one of the most common causes of poor AC performance. When filters become clogged with dust and debris, they restrict airflow, causing the AC to work harder and deliver less cool air. Remove the filters and clean them if they are reusable, or replace them if they are disposable. Cleaning or replacing the filters every one to three months helps maintain efficient cooling and air quality.

After addressing the filters, examine the outdoor condenser unit. The condenser coil is responsible for expelling heat from the refrigerant, but if it’s dirty or blocked by debris, it won’t function properly. Dirt, leaves, or other debris can accumulate on the coils, restricting airflow and reducing the AC’s cooling ability. Turn off the power to the AC and gently clean the condenser coils with a soft brush or hose. Also, clear any obstructions around the outdoor unit to allow for proper ventilation.

Another potential issue is low refrigerant levels. Refrigerant is essential for absorbing heat and cooling the air inside your home. If the refrigerant level is low, the AC won’t be able to cool efficiently. Low refrigerant typically indicates a leak in the system, which needs to be repaired by a licensed technician. You may notice ice buildup on the refrigerant lines or a hissing sound, both of which are signs of a leak. In this case, it’s best to call a professional to fix the leak and recharge the refrigerant.

If the AC is still not cooling properly after checking these basic components, it may be time to inspect the evaporator coil. The evaporator coil, located in the indoor unit, can sometimes freeze due to poor airflow or refrigerant issues. Turn off the AC and let the ice thaw completely. Once thawed, ensure that the filters are clean and that there are no airflow obstructions. If the coil continues to freeze, a technician may need to check for underlying issues like a faulty fan or refrigerant imbalance.

Lastly, check the ductwork for any leaks or blockages. If cool air is leaking from the ducts or if they are clogged with dust, it can reduce the overall cooling efficiency. Inspect the ducts for visible cracks, gaps, or blockages, and seal any leaks with duct tape or hire a professional for more extensive repairs.

In conclusion, when your AC isn’t cooling much, start by checking the thermostat, air filters, and outdoor condenser unit. Clean or replace the filters, clear any debris around the condenser, and check the refrigerant levels. If these steps don’t solve the problem, it’s best to call a professional technician to address more complex issues like refrigerant leaks or frozen evaporator coils. Regular maintenance, such as cleaning filters and coils and scheduling annual service checks, can help prevent these problems and ensure your AC runs efficiently.